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          2015年公共英語三級考試考前經典語法輔導(1)

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          2015年公共英語三級考試考前經典語法輔導(1)

          形容詞和副詞

          I. 要點

          A. 形容詞

          1、 形容詞的用法

          形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的,通常在句中作定語、表語或賓補,有時還可作狀語。如:

          He is honest and hardworking.

          I found the book interesting.

          某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時,謂語通常用復數形式。如:

          The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.

          The English like to be with their families.

          多個形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序:

          冠詞+序數詞+基數詞+性質狀態(描述性)+形狀大小+新舊老少+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.

          2、 形容詞比較等級的形式

          (1) 規則形式

          一般說來,單音節詞及少數雙音節詞在后加-er; --est 來構成比較級和最高級;其他雙音節詞及多音節詞在前加more, most.如:

          great-greater-greatest

          busy-busier-busiest

          important-more important-(the)most important

          (2) 不規則形式

          good (well)-better-best

          bad (ill)-worse-worst

          many (much)-more-most

          little-less-least

          (3) 形容詞比較等級的用法

          ①表示兩者的比較,用形容詞的比較級+than. 如:

          He is cleverer than the other boys.

          This one is more beautiful than that one.

          ②表示兩者以上的比較,用"the +形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in) …"如:

          He is the cleverest boy in his class.

          ③表示兩者是同等程度,用"as +形容詞原級+as". 如:

          He is as tall as I.

          I have as many books as you.

          ④ 越… 越…

          例如:The more I learn, the happier I am.

          ⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好

          又如:You can never praise the teacher too highly.

          你怎么贊揚這個老師也不過分。

          ⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.

          那一天是最令我擔心的一天。

          I have never had a better dinner.

          這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。

          ⑦ My English is no better than yours.

          我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。

          B.副詞

          1、 副詞的種類

          (1) 時間副詞 如:ago, before, already, just, now, early, late, finally, tomorrow等

          (2) 地點副詞 如:here, there, near, around, in, out, up, down, back, away, outside等。

          (3) 方式副詞 如:carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly, quickly, politely, nervously等。

          (4) 程度副詞 如:almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a little, hardly, so, very等。

          2、 副詞比較等級的用法

          其用法與形容詞相似,只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如:

          Of all the boys he sings (the) most beautifully.

          We must work harder.

          3、 某些副詞在用法上的區別

          (1) already, yet, still

          already表示某事物已經發生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事發生,主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進行,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,有時也可用于否定句。如:

          We've already watched that film.

          I haven't finished my homework yet.

          He still works until late every night.

          (2) too, as well, also, either

          too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑問句,too和as well多用于口語,一般放在句末,而also多用于書面語,一般放在句中與動詞連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句,往往放在句末。如:He went there too.

          He didn't go there either.

          I like you as well.

          I also went there.

          (3) hard, hardly

          hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如:

          I work hard every day.

          I can hardly remember that.

          (4) late, lately

          lately意為"最近、近來",late意為"晚、遲"。如:

          He never comes late.

          Have you been to the museum lately?

          例1 Tom's father thinks he is already ____

          A high enough B tall enough

          C enough high C enough tall

          解析:該題正確答案是B。修飾人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選B。

          例2 ____ the worse I seem to be.

          A When I take more medicine

          B The more medicine I take

          C Taking more of the medicine

          D More medicine taken

          解析:該題正確答案為B。"the+形容詞比較級+… , the +形容詞比較級+…"意為越…,越…。該句意為:吃的藥越多,我的病越是加重。

          例3"I haven't been to London yet".

          "I haven't been there ____".

          A too B also C either D neither

          解析:該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意為否定"兩者都不",而C-either則用于否定句中,意為"也"。

          例4 Mr Smith was ____ moved at the news.

          A deep B deeply C very deep D quite deeply

          解析:該題正確答案為B。A. deep用于副詞時,修飾具體的深,如dig deep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞,如該題為deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副詞,不能互相修飾。

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