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          2015年公共英語三級考試考前經典語法輔導(2)

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          2015年公共英語三級考試考前經典語法輔導(2)

          it 與there be的用法

          I.要點

          1、it的用法

          (1)用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到的無生命的事物,動植物、嬰兒及指示代詞this, that,如,

          I have a new pen. It is beautiful.

          The Browns have a new baby. It's cute.

          (2)用來表示時間、天氣、距離等,如,It's twelve o'clock now.

          It's fine today.

          (3)用作引導詞,代替由不定式,ing形式或從句表示的真正的主語或賓語,如,

          It's no good telling him that.

          It's necessary for you to do so.

          (4)用在強調結構中,構成強調句式:It is/was +被強調部分+that/who/whom +句子其余部分,可強調除謂語以外的句子其他成分,如,

          It was this morning that I saw him in the street.

          It was I who saw him in the street this morning.

          It was in the street that I saw him this morning.

          It was him whom I saw in the street this morning.

          2、there be句型

          英語表示某時某處或某物時,常用there be句型,這是一種倒裝結構,如,

          There are a lot of students playing on the ground.

          There is going to be a test this afternoon.

          當主語有兩個或兩個以上時,動詞be常和最近的那個主語取得一致,如,

          There is a pen and three pencils in the pencil-box.

          There isn't a desk, a bench and three chairs in the room.

          There are lots of people like it, aren't there?

          there be句型,謂語動詞除be之外,還可用其他表示存在,位置移動等意義的不及物動詞或詞組,如exist, stand, lie, enter, come, happen to be, appear to be等,如,

          There stands a house at the foot of the hill.

          there be句型表示"存在"而have表"有"、"擁有",所以there be中 be不能換成have,但當have表示事物的特征時,可用"主語+have"結構替換there be 句型,如:

          There are five doors in the house.

          The house has five doors.

          there be 的其它句型:

          1、There must be a meeting in the office.

          2、There have been great changes since 1979.

          3、There being no bus, we had to walk home.

          I. 例題

          例1 ____ that he went to sleep.

          A It was until midnight B That was until midnight

          C It was not until midnight D That was not until midnight

          解析:該題答案為C。強調until結構時,要將否定詞not移到until前。又如:He didn't leave until twelve 改為It was not until twelve that he left.

          例2 There are a lot of students ____ in the class room.

          A talk B talking C talked D to talk

          解析:該題正確答案為B。 There be句型為倒裝句,可換為A lot of students are talking in the class room. 又如:There is a lot of noise heard out in the street.

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