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          初中英語語法大全:直接引語和間接引語

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          初中英語語法大全:直接引語和間接引語

          語法要點:直接引語和間接引語屬于賓語從句范疇。直接引述別人的原話,叫直接引語;用自己的話轉述別人的話, 或引用自己說過的話,叫間接引語。由于時間、地點以及人物都有可能起變化,所以間接引語中的時態、人稱、語序、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。

          1. 直接引語和間接引語的轉換方法

          ① 間接引語語序改為陳述句語序

          陳述句用 that 引導,口語中常省略 She said,例:

          “I am going to the cinema. ”

          → She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

          ② 一般疑問句

          用if/whether連接,例:

          “Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

          → She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

          ③ 反意疑問句

          用if/whether連接,例:

          He asked,“You are a doctor, aren’t you?”

          → He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

          ④ 特殊疑問句

          由原疑問詞連接(如疑問代詞是主語,不要改變語序),例:

          He asked, “Who will come to help us?”

          → He asked who would come to help them.

          She said, “Where have you been, Simon?”

          → She asked Simon where he had been.

          ⑤ 選擇疑問句

          由 whether…or 引導,例:

          Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

          → Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

          ⑥ 祈使句

          用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 結構,將動詞原形變為動詞不定式,例:

          “Put up your hands,” said the teacher.

          → The teacher told them to put up their hands.

          “Don’t play football on the street,” the policeman said.

          → The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.

          2. 時態的變化

          如主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變間接引語時,從句的謂語動詞在時態上要作相應變化:

          直接引語 間接引語

          一般現在時 → 一般過去時

          現在進行時 → 過去進行時

          現在完成時 → 過去完成時

          一般過去時 → 過去完成時

          過去完成時 → 過去完成時(不變)

          一般將來時 → 過去將來時

          3. 指示代詞、時間狀語和地點狀語,直接引語變間接引語時的變化

          ① 指示代詞

          this →that

          these → those

          ② 時間狀語

          now → then

          today → that day

          tonight → that night

          this morning(week, month…) → that morning(week, month …)

          tomorrow → the next day

          next week(month…) → the next week(month …)

          yesterday → the day before

          last week(month…) → the week(month…) before

          three days(a year …) ago → three days(a year …) before

          ③ 地點狀語 here → there

          ④ 動詞 come → go

          特別提示:以上變化要根據說話的實際情況來定,不要機械地照搬。假如就在當地轉述,here 就不必改為there;如果就在當天轉述,yesterday,tomorrow 等時間狀語也不必改變。

          直擊考點

          一、單項填空

          1. — My parents always tell me others late at night.

          — They’re right. It’s not polite.

          A. call B. not call C. to call D. not to call

          (06年 福州)

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